Highlights

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2026
September 27, 2026
SGH Insight

The Board typically waits for quarterly inflation data before acting, and this would be only the second time it has moved without the quarterly print already in hand since 2003.

Acting now, shows how far the Bank’s reaction function has shifted, from a Board willing to wait and assess the impact of its three earlier hikes this year to one no longer prepared to let that assessment delay a fourth.

We continue to expect another 50 basis points in total on the cash rate; a hike to 4.60% on September 29 and a further move to 4.85% on November 2-3, and no further moves this year. The Bank’s last meeting this year is December 7-8 before it breaks until February 8-9.

Market Validation

Sydney Morning Herald 9/29/26

Australian borrowers could face a run of rate hikes after RBA governor Michele Bullock warned an economic downturn may be needed if politicians and businesses failed to shake the nation’s productivity malaise.

The bank lifted rates to a 15-year high of 4.6 per cent on Tuesday and its monetary policy board struck a hawkish tone flagging more increases could be on the way if inflation figures to be released on Wednesday remained “unacceptably high”. While split on previous decisions, the board was unanimous in backing a fourth rate rise this year.

Read Full Report
September 23, 2026
SGH Insight

The Swiss National Bank (SNB) will likely hold its policy rate at 0% through 2027 rather than use the current favorable backdrop to rebuild policy space with a premature hike.

SNB officials could choose to rephrase the sentence the policy statement traditionally uses to describe the franc as overvalued, and convey the central bank is ready to intervene to weaken it to secure price stability.

A step to de-emphasize its readiness to intervene in the FX market would signal the Governing Board deems the widening policy differential with the ECB is becoming a policy-relevant factor for the SNB, which would pave the way for a hike during the projection horizon.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 9/24/26

The Swiss franc dipped to the lows of the
day versus the euro after the SNB kept its policy rate at 0% as
expected and changed its wording on FX intervention:

*SNB: WILLINGNESS TO INTERVENE IN FX MARKETS IF NEEDED
*SNB DROPS ‘INCREASED WILLINGNESS’ WORDING FROM FX
STATEMENT

Read Full Report
September 17, 2026
SGH Insight

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is now more likely than not to raise the cash rate to 4.60% at its September 28-29 meeting on inflation data that has run hotter than the Bank’s own forecast on every measure since it last met.

We also now see real risk of a second hike in November, a shift from our prior call that a fourth hike, if it came at all, was more likely in November than September.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 9/29/26

Australia’s central bank resumed raising
interest rates on Tuesday, judging it couldn’t wait any longer
to respond to rising energy costs and resilient domestic demand
that threaten to intensify inflationary pressures.
The Reserve Bank’s board lifted the cash rate to 4.6% from
4.35%, taking rates to the highest level in
about 15 years. The nine-member policy committee voted
unanimously to deliver its fourth hike this year, saying firms
are experiencing cost pressures and either increasing prices or
looking to do so.

Read Full Report
September 13, 2026
SGH Insight

We expect the Fed’s reaction function will shift considerably more hawkish compared to June. We project the median 2026 dot will be for two rate hikes, with the overall distribution moving higher. This change in policy is fundamentally about providing a minimally credible policy outlook given the economic outlook and persistently high inflation. Essentially it is a correction for the June SEP which implied a considerably more dovish reaction function given participants raised their economic but not policy outlooks.

Market Validation

Financial Review 9/16/26

Washington | The Federal Reserve raised interest rates and flagged further increases in borrowing costs in coming months, with new US central bank chief Kevin Warsh joining a unanimous decision that effectively acknowledges the Trump administration’s inability so far to control inflation.

New policy projections showed 16 of 18 policymakers anticipate at least one more quarter-percentage-point hike by the end of this year, with only two of them seeing rates remaining stable from here. Warsh apparently again did not submit a rate projection.

Read Full Report
September 10, 2026
SGH Insight

Another Step Toward Being Backed Into a Hike

While the outcome of the September FOMC meeting still hinges on Friday’s CPI number, today’s PPI number may help Fed Chair Kevin Warsh lead a reluctant FOMC to hike rates into a fresh oil shock with Fed Governor Chris Waller, ironically, providing the key guidance that helps secure a hike.

Market Validation

Wall Street Journal — WASHINGTON 9/16/26

The Federal Reserve raised interest rates Wednesday for the first time in three years, a sharp reversal that began taking back cuts it made last year and implicitly undercut the White House’s insistence that inflation isn’t a concern.

The increase, approved unanimously, will raise the benchmark federal-funds rate range by a quarter point to between 3.75% and 4%. The vast majority of officials penciled in one more hike this year in interest-rate projections released after their meeting.

Read Full Report
September 10, 2026
SGH Insight

We also need more evidence to be convinced of a 2026 hike, though that evidence gap is narrowing, and the run of testimony, yield moves, and ECB action this week makes the case for patience harder to sustain than it was even a month ago.

Those committee members who have been agitating for an immediate rate hike will dissent from the majority vote again, setting up a real battle – if there is still one to be had – for the November 5 forecast round meeting, but more on all that later.

We expect the same 6-3 split from the July 30 meeting to repeat September 17, with Bailey, Sarah Breeden, Swati Dhingra, Clare Lombardelli, Dave Ramsden, and Alan Taylor voting to hold, and Megan Greene, Catherine Mann, and Huw Pill dissenting again in favor of an immediate hike.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 9/17/26

The Bank of England held interest rates at
3.75% while warning that a hike may be needed if inflationary
pressures intensify as a result of conflict in the Middle East.
Six rate-setters chose to leave rates unchanged, including
Governor Andrew Bailey, as the Monetary Policy Committee split
along the same lines as the last meeting in July.
In prepared remarks, Bailey said the global energy shock
has so far had a limited effect on prices and wages in the UK.
“But the longer this volatility persists, the bigger the impact
it will have on inflation, and the more likely it is we will
need to raise Bank rate,” the governor added.

Read Full Report
August 31, 2026
SGH Insight

The collapse of US-Canada trade talks late last week will dominate Bank of Canada (BOC) concerns about growth risk, reinforcing that rates are likely to stay at 2.25% through year end, though the Bank will likely now ramp up hawkish talk to combat renewed inflation risk as a weaker Canadian dollar and Ottawa’s own retaliatory tariffs add a new upside risk to price stability.

Market Validation

Bloomberg Economics 9/2/26

The Bank of Canada’s rate hold Wednesday was widely expected, but the hawkish tone of the statement reflecting a new assessment of risks amid the trade war with the US. The central bank is comfortable remaining accommodative for now, with the standoff creating a new tariff shock that could add to labor-market volatility.

  • The Governing Council held the overnight rate target at 2.25% for a seventh straight meeting.
  • The statement noted that “with the Middle East conflict still ongoing and little progress reopening the Strait of Hormuz, upside risks to the Bank’s inflation forecast have increased.” That’s a material change from the July statement, with the central bank now explicitly questioning when energy prices will normalize.
Read Full Report
August 04, 2026
SGH Insight

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) will hold rates at 4.35% this month, and its next move remains more likely a cut than a hike, the same call we made two months ago, when the prevailing debate was still whether the RBA would need to hike again before year-end.
We do not think the Bank will need to hike again this year. That doesn’t mean we expect a cut to be imminent. The Bank may be able to hold for some months yet, but it does mean that whenever it moves off 4.35%, that move is most likely down.

Market Validation

Dow Jones – SYDNEY 8/11/26

The Reserve Bank of Australia left interest rates unchanged on Tuesday but continued to warn that inflation remains too high, especially against the backdrop of war in the Middle East.

The RBA left the official cash rate on hold at 4.35%, in line with economists’ expectations. It raised the OCR three times earlier this year, with the impact of those decisions still flowing through to the economy.

The RBA’s nine-member policy-setting board voted unanimously to keep interest rates on hold.

“The board remains focused on ensuring that high inflation does not become embedded,” the board said in a statement.

Read Full Report
July 23, 2026
SGH Insight

We also still see the September 17-18 meeting as the set up meeting for an (forecast round) October 29-30 move but the BOJ could be compelled by unrelenting weakness in the yen to pull forward a move to September.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/31/26

The Bank of Japan held its policy rate
steady and signaled the possibility of a move in September after
government officials took the rare step of wading back into the
curren

Read Full Report
July 21, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom line: The BOE will likely hold at 3.75% this month, with Governor Andrew Bailey inclined to sit through both the political transition and the run-up to October’s combined budget rather than commit to a path before Healey’s fiscal picture is set. Mann and Lombardelli are the dissent risks to watch, both still weighing whether the energy shock proves temporary or feeds into persistent inflation. That judgment, not UK politics, is what could move the vote, a fresh spike in oil prices or clearer evidence of second-round effects would force Bailey’s hand well before October does.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/30/26

UK government bonds rallied after Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey sought to dampen speculation that the central bank was preparing to raise interest rates soon.

  • The yield on two-year gilts fell 10bps to 4.34%, the biggest daily fall since June 12
  • Traders have trimmed bets for rate rises with markets pricing 32 bps of hikes through year-end, down from 38bps earlier in the day
  • “Please do not leave this room thinking that the Bank of England is edging toward a hike because there is nothing in what I said or any of us have said along those lines,” Bailey told reporters after the BOE kept rates steady
Read Full Report
July 19, 2026
SGH Insight

The Fed has moved to the edge of recalibration rate hikes, but the soft June inflation numbers will lead it to hold rates steady at the July FOMC meeting. Rate hikes later this year, however, are not off the table. The clear message from Fed officials is that one month does not make a trend, and the Fed will need to see clear evidence of disinflation “soon” or it will be compelled to hike rates. We place the odds of a September rate hike at 60-70% on the expectation of firmer inflation over the next two months. Altogether, there will likely be one and up to three dissents against a decision to hold rates steady with our order of likelihood being Hammack, Logan, and Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari.

Market Validation

Politico US 7/29/26

The Federal Reserve voted Wednesday to keep interest rates steady in a fractured decision that showed growing support within the central bank for a rate hike to fight elevated inflation.

Three officials — Cleveland Fed President Beth Hammack, Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari and Dallas Fed President Lorie Logan — dissented from the move, arguing that the central bank should have raised borrowing costs instead by a quarter of a percentage point.

Read Full Report
July 17, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: The BOE will likely hold at 3.75% on July 30, with the vote count carrying more signal than the decision itself. A 6-3 split, with Catherine Mann joining Pill and Greene, is most likely though a 5-4 outcome tied to Clare Lombardelli would pull September 17 into play as a live hike window. Andy Burnham’s unresolved chancellor pick remains the clearest risk to the hold surviving beyond the summer.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/30/26

The Bank of England kept interest rates steady at 3.75%, as UK officials sought to balance the threat from resurgent US-Iran tensions against signs that domestic price pressures are easing more quickly than predicted.

The Monetary Policy Committee voted six-three in favor of leaving rates unchanged, with Chief Economist Huw Pill and external members Megan Greene and Catherine Mann voting for a quarter-point increase, minutes from its meeting showed on Thursday. Only Pill and Greene had supported immediate action in June.

Read Full Report
July 12, 2026
SGH Insight

We see roughly equal odds of a July hike based on the data and Warsh’s comment. Still, while Warsh has promised a family fight, we haven’t yet seen that Fed hawks are up for it. That may change this week.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/13/26

Money market pricing on Monday suggests traders boosted their wagers for a July quarter-point rate increase after a spate of fresh US strikes on Iran. The pricing reflected a 50% possibility of a hike, from less than 40% earlier in the session, as Fed Governor Christopher Waller said policymakers may need to raise rates if underlying inflation continues to signal broad price pressures.

Read Full Report
July 10, 2026
SGH Insight

Thoughts for the Weekend: Don’t Expect Price Stability Anytime Soon

Bottom Line: Warsh has promised regime change and a recommitment to price stability, although as commentators have noted he has not given any guidance on the tactics needed to establish price stability, including the time horizon. What little guidance Fed speakers are providing suggests the July outcome is dependent upon upcoming inflation data. That suggests no regime change, the status quo still holds. Next up is Waller on Monday. His comments this week ran contrary to the trend and suggest he will break the pattern. Either way, a Fed that continues to tolerate above target inflation is one that is supportive of nominal asset prices, and even bending the curve will leave a long period of above target inflation ahead. From what we see now, the Fed has no intention of putting inflation back on a path to 2%. The magic number appears to be 2.9%, which the Fed may be able to achieve with a little pressure on the BEA to update its methodol

Market Validation

Wall Street Journal 7/13/26

Federal Reserve governor Christopher Waller said Monday an interest-rate hike should be on the table if this week’s inflation data show price pressures remaining firm, his clearest signal yet that he could back a rate increase this summer.

Waller cited the rise in “core” inflation, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, and, notably, said the rise predated the spike in energy prices this March from the Iran war. He said he was “determined to avoid repeating” the Fed’s 2021 mistake of responding too late to rising prices. “If we get another hot reading on core inflation this week, then the [Fed] will need to consider tightening monetary policy in the near term,” he said.

Read Full Report
July 06, 2026
SGH Insight

We expect the BOC to cite a mixed-to-firmer trend in data since its June 10 meeting and cite it as the basis for another hold in rates at its July 15 meeting

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/15/26

The Bank of Canada held interest rates steady for a sixth consecutive meeting as policymakers see the economy rebounding and oil price-driven inflation fading.

Officials led by Governor Tiff Macklem kept the policy rate at 2.25% on Wednesday, matching expectations of economists in a Bloomberg survey and traders in overnight swap markets.

“After a year of weakness, Canada’s economy is showing signs of improvement,” the bank said in its monetary policy report. “Growth is expected to pick up, and inflation eases gradually from its recent peak. Uncertainty is still high.”

Read Full Report
June 26, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: Progress in the negotiations between the US and Iran and the re-opening of the Strait of Hormuz have lowered pressure on the ECB to hike in July. Lagarde has also pointed out the lack of second-round effects do not require a forceful policy response. However, core and services inflation rose in May above the levels the June projections expect them to average this quarter. Most officials stress the shock’s impact is broadening, while the re-opening of Hormuz does not immediately resolve price pressures. Our baseline, therefore, continues to be that after holding in July the ECB will hike in September. 

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/23/26

European Central Bank officials are prepared to raise borrowing costs in September unless the euro-zone inflation outlook improves markedly, people familiar with the situation said.

Based on today’s information and data, in particular on the Middle East conflict and its economic fallout, it’s likely that another quarter-point increase will be needed to contain consumer-price pressures, said the people, asking not to be identified because discussions on the matter are private.

They stressed that nothing has been decided and the situation can change quickly, especially if there’s progress toward a peace deal or a more severe economic downturn materializes, a stance in line with the institution’s “meeting-by-meeting” approach.

Read Full Report
June 23, 2026
SGH Insight

The yen’s slide is forcing the question of how hard the BOJ will keep signaling additional hikes. If that signaling builds through the autumn meetings, September may be live.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/31/26

* Ueda’s somewhat hawkish comments spurred traders to boost
their rate hike bets. Chances of a September increase have risen
to about 40% versus 21% the day before, overnight index swaps
show. Japan’s Topix index closed 1.3% higher, while Japanese
bond futures were little changed.

Read Full Report
June 14, 2026
SGH Insight

We expect that the FOMC statement will move to a neutral bias this week, but hawks will argue for a move straight to a hiking bias. Whether they will be successful depends on Warsh.

We think that Fed officials will eventually conclude that it’s preferable to recalibrate policy sooner than later rather than risk a steeper rise in rates if core inflation continues to rise.

Our read of the data argues for a 70% chance of a rate hike in September. As noted earlier, we think underlying inflation is sticky and the labor market recovering. Moreover, if oil stabilizes here or falls further, resources will transfer back from oil producers to oil consumers and households will have the capacity to bear higher core inflation.

Market Validation

Wall Street Journal 6/17/26

Federal Reserve officials signaled Wednesday that their next move may be to raise interest rates, not cut them, a striking reversal at Kevin Warsh’s first meeting as chairman and a sign of how sharply the inflation outlook has turned.

The Fed held its benchmark rate steady, in a range of 3.5% to 3.75%, in a unanimous vote. But officials’ quarterly economic projections told the story of the shift: Nine of 19 officials penciled in at least one rate increase by year’s end, up from none in March. Just one foresaw a cut, down from 12.

Investors had braced in recent weeks for a higher-for-longer posture from the Fed, but this was sharper and reflected a committee inching from a watchful hold toward readiness to raise rates.

Read Full Report
June 11, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: Ueda’s hospitalization is a logistical complication, not a policy one. With Himino chairing and Uchida at the podium, the BOJ will proceed to raise its key policy rate 25bps to 1% on June 16 — the first hike in six months and the highest rate since 1995.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/16/26

The Bank of Japan raised its benchmark
interest rate to the highest since 1995 and pledged more hikes
to come, fueling speculation of another move before the end of
the year.

Read Full Report
June 10, 2026
SGH Insight

While holding the cash rate at 4.35% this month is expected, the more important question is no longer whether the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) hikes again — it is when it cuts.

We expect Governor Michele Bullock to use her press conference to retain hawkish guidance and keep the door nominally open to an August move, but the data since May 5 have shifted the balance of risks materially.

Another hike is looking less likely — and a rate cut has moved from a distant prospect to the next likely move.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/16/26

Australia’s central bank kept open the
possibility of further policy tightening on Tuesday after
leaving its key interest rate unchanged, as Governor Michele
Bullock argued that inflation could still go either way.
The Reserve Bank’s nine-member board unanimously held the
cash rate at 4.35%, its first pause of the year, in response to
signs that a trio of hikes are beginning to weigh on the
economy.

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