Highlights

SGH reports are highly valued for helping clients understand and stay ahead of the news cycle on central banks and macro policy events that drive the global economies and financial markets.

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2026
July 12, 2026
SGH Insight

We see roughly equal odds of a July hike based on the data and Warsh’s comment. Still, while Warsh has promised a family fight, we haven’t yet seen that Fed hawks are up for it. That may change this week.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/13/26

Money market pricing on Monday suggests traders boosted their wagers for a July quarter-point rate increase after a spate of fresh US strikes on Iran. The pricing reflected a 50% possibility of a hike, from less than 40% earlier in the session, as Fed Governor Christopher Waller said policymakers may need to raise rates if underlying inflation continues to signal broad price pressures.

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July 10, 2026
SGH Insight

Thoughts for the Weekend: Don’t Expect Price Stability Anytime Soon

Bottom Line: Warsh has promised regime change and a recommitment to price stability, although as commentators have noted he has not given any guidance on the tactics needed to establish price stability, including the time horizon. What little guidance Fed speakers are providing suggests the July outcome is dependent upon upcoming inflation data. That suggests no regime change, the status quo still holds. Next up is Waller on Monday. His comments this week ran contrary to the trend and suggest he will break the pattern. Either way, a Fed that continues to tolerate above target inflation is one that is supportive of nominal asset prices, and even bending the curve will leave a long period of above target inflation ahead. From what we see now, the Fed has no intention of putting inflation back on a path to 2%. The magic number appears to be 2.9%, which the Fed may be able to achieve with a little pressure on the BEA to update its methodol

Market Validation

Wall Street Journal 7/13/26

Federal Reserve governor Christopher Waller said Monday an interest-rate hike should be on the table if this week’s inflation data show price pressures remaining firm, his clearest signal yet that he could back a rate increase this summer.

Waller cited the rise in “core” inflation, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, and, notably, said the rise predated the spike in energy prices this March from the Iran war. He said he was “determined to avoid repeating” the Fed’s 2021 mistake of responding too late to rising prices. “If we get another hot reading on core inflation this week, then the [Fed] will need to consider tightening monetary policy in the near term,” he said.

Read Full Report
July 06, 2026
SGH Insight

We expect the BOC to cite a mixed-to-firmer trend in data since its June 10 meeting and cite it as the basis for another hold in rates at its July 15 meeting

Market Validation

Bloomberg 7/15/26

The Bank of Canada held interest rates steady for a sixth consecutive meeting as policymakers see the economy rebounding and oil price-driven inflation fading.

Officials led by Governor Tiff Macklem kept the policy rate at 2.25% on Wednesday, matching expectations of economists in a Bloomberg survey and traders in overnight swap markets.

“After a year of weakness, Canada’s economy is showing signs of improvement,” the bank said in its monetary policy report. “Growth is expected to pick up, and inflation eases gradually from its recent peak. Uncertainty is still high.”

Read Full Report
June 14, 2026
SGH Insight

We expect that the FOMC statement will move to a neutral bias this week, but hawks will argue for a move straight to a hiking bias. Whether they will be successful depends on Warsh.

We think that Fed officials will eventually conclude that it’s preferable to recalibrate policy sooner than later rather than risk a steeper rise in rates if core inflation continues to rise.

Our read of the data argues for a 70% chance of a rate hike in September. As noted earlier, we think underlying inflation is sticky and the labor market recovering. Moreover, if oil stabilizes here or falls further, resources will transfer back from oil producers to oil consumers and households will have the capacity to bear higher core inflation.

Market Validation

Wall Street Journal 6/17/26

Federal Reserve officials signaled Wednesday that their next move may be to raise interest rates, not cut them, a striking reversal at Kevin Warsh’s first meeting as chairman and a sign of how sharply the inflation outlook has turned.

The Fed held its benchmark rate steady, in a range of 3.5% to 3.75%, in a unanimous vote. But officials’ quarterly economic projections told the story of the shift: Nine of 19 officials penciled in at least one rate increase by year’s end, up from none in March. Just one foresaw a cut, down from 12.

Investors had braced in recent weeks for a higher-for-longer posture from the Fed, but this was sharper and reflected a committee inching from a watchful hold toward readiness to raise rates.

Read Full Report
June 11, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: Ueda’s hospitalization is a logistical complication, not a policy one. With Himino chairing and Uchida at the podium, the BOJ will proceed to raise its key policy rate 25bps to 1% on June 16 — the first hike in six months and the highest rate since 1995.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/16/26

The Bank of Japan raised its benchmark
interest rate to the highest since 1995 and pledged more hikes
to come, fueling speculation of another move before the end of
the year.

Read Full Report
June 10, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: The SNB will maintain its policy rate at 0% at least through the rest of the year unless there is a meaningful deviation from the current macroeconomic environment. Inflation is on target, growth is accelerating, and the latest projections have headline inflation on target through 2028 at the current policy rate. The SNB retains space to intervene in the FX market if the franc’s strength threatened to lower inflation below the target again. In this environment the next move is more likely to be a rate hike than a cut. However, we do not expect this to happen in 2026.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/18/26

The Swiss National Bank warned investors that a Middle East peace deal hasn’t altered its state of readiness to sell the franc if such a stance is required.

Policymakers led by President Martin Schlegel kept the interest rate at zero and restated their willingness to intervene in the currency. They added a proviso about doing so “if necessary,” evolving wording used repeatedly by officials since the Iran war broke out.

The decision suggests officials remain fearful of renewed pressure on the franc but are adapting to changed circumstances.

Read Full Report
June 10, 2026
SGH Insight

While holding the cash rate at 4.35% this month is expected, the more important question is no longer whether the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) hikes again — it is when it cuts.

We expect Governor Michele Bullock to use her press conference to retain hawkish guidance and keep the door nominally open to an August move, but the data since May 5 have shifted the balance of risks materially.

Another hike is looking less likely — and a rate cut has moved from a distant prospect to the next likely move.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/16/26

Australia’s central bank kept open the
possibility of further policy tightening on Tuesday after
leaving its key interest rate unchanged, as Governor Michele
Bullock argued that inflation could still go either way.
The Reserve Bank’s nine-member board unanimously held the
cash rate at 4.35%, its first pause of the year, in response to
signs that a trio of hikes are beginning to weigh on the
economy.

Read Full Report
June 07, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line

The Fed is missing only on one side of the mandate. Holding rates steady at this point will become increasingly untenable if the labor market rebound continues. At this point, the Fed does not need to hike rates aggressively and put upward pressure on the unemployment rate as it did in 2022. Presumably, the Fed prefers not to recreate that episode. To avoid a 2022 redux, Fed hawks will argue the need to take back some of last year’s rate cuts, and to do so quickly given that additional inflationary pressure from the energy shock puts downward pressure on real rates and aggravates an already worsening inflation picture.

Market Validation

Wall Street Journal 6/17/26

Wednesday’s interest-rate projections showed that Federal Reserve officials were a little more hawkish than many investors had anticipated.

Heading into the meeting, most investors expected that officials’ median interest-rate forecast for the end of 2026 would nudge up to at least 3.6% – the current level of rates – from the last forecast of 3.4%. In the end, however, enough officials projected a rate increase that the median forecast climbed all the way to 3.8%.

That was a blow to stocks and bonds, with major stock indexes turning negative and short-term Treasury yields climbing sharply.

This item is part of a Wall Street Journal live coverage event. The full stream can be found by searching P/WSJL (WSJ Live Coverage).

Read Full Report
June 03, 2026
SGH Insight

Oil Shock Fears Overstate Near-Term Risks to Consumers

Fed speakers and clients frequently cite expected consumer weakness due to higher energy costs as reason to be cautious about economic growth. We believe such concerns are likely overstated for two reasons. First, inflation weighs on measured activity but like in 2022 this is more an artifact of data construction rather than a sustained change in the pace of activity. Second, we think that the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) income measures understate household purchasing power. If we are correct, the Fed is overestimating the fragility of consumer spending. 

Market Validation

FT 6/17/26
US shoppers stepped up spending in May as bumper tax refunds offset the inflationary effects of the Iran war, signalling the economy remains in robust shape as Kevin Warsh takes the helm at the Federal Reserve. Retail sales in May rose 0.9 per cent from the previous month to $764bn, according to data released by the Census Bureau on Wednesday, ahead of Wall Street expectations. They were up 6.9 per cent versus May 2025. Much of the increased spending was driven by elevated prices at the pump, with petrol station sales rising 3.4 per cent. But underlying retail sales were also strong, with a core measure stripping out volatile items including fuel and car sales gaining 0.7 per cent.

Read Full Report
June 02, 2026
SGH Insight

The sharp deterioration in Canada’s first-quarter growth reinforces our view that the Bank of Canada (BOC) will keep rates on hold possibly through all of 2026, as concerns over economic weakness continue to outweigh energy-driven inflation risks.

At the center of the Bank’s concern continues to be the cumulative drag from ongoing tensions in the trade relationship with the US, as we have written repeatedly, which is arguably the dominant factor shaping its policy calculus — not Iran (see SGH 5/5/26; “BOC: Energy Spikes, Rates on Hold ”).

Market Validation

Dow Jones — OTTAWA 6/10/26

The Bank of Canada left its policy rate unchanged Wednesday at 2.25%, with Gov. Tiff Macklem saying this marked the best approach to addressing the dual-sided risks of a weak economy and higher energy prices.

“We think we got the rate where we think it needs to be right now,” Macklem said at a press conference following the central bank’s fifth straight decision to hold rates steady.

The central bank expects inflation to be around 3% in the next coming months, or at the high end of its 1%-to-3% target range, due to elevated crude-oil prices. To date, Macklem said there’s little evidence of higher energy costs broadening to lift prices for other good and services. The central bank sets interest-rate policy to achieve and maintain 2% inflation.

Read Full Report
May 27, 2026
SGH Insight

Set aside commentary from the most senior Bank of Japan (BOJ) officials participating in this week’s BOJ-hosted international banking conference in Tokyo — the most significant marker for a rate hike at next month’s meeting will come on June 3.

We are confident in a 25 basis point BOJ hike on June 16, with October 29-30 a next window for another move to 1.25%.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/16/26

The Bank of Japan raised its benchmark
interest rate to the highest since 1995, at a regular monetary
policy meeting convened without the governor in attendance.
The BOJ increased its benchmark rate by a quarter
percentage point to 1%, according to a statement Tuesday

Read Full Report
May 26, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: Schnabel has again taken the initiative to effectively confirm the ECB cannot afford to look through the energy crisis and will hike interest rates in June. The shock’s persistence, higher inflation expectations, and production costs make another hike in September part of our baseline scenario. Weaker consumer confidence and overall economic sentiment, plus the eventual re-opening of Hormuz, should limit the cycle to two hikes in 2026. But Schnabel and other hawkish officials are open to a third one if the outlook requires it.

Market Validation

FRANKFURT, Germany (AP) 6/11/26

The European Central Bank on Thursday became the first major central bank to raise interest rates in response to the Iran war as policymakers around the world including new U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh wrestle with how to confront the inflation fed by sharply higher oil prices.

The ECB’s rate-setting council raised its benchmark rate to 2.25% from 2%, where it had been for a year. The move comes ahead of rate-setting meetings next week at the Fed, the Bank of Japan, and the Bank of England.

 

Read Full Report
May 25, 2026
SGH Insight

Overall, Warsh is in a challenging position. FOMC participants have turned markedly hawkish in recent weeks. A dip in oil prices will likely provide them with some relief, but it’s not the only inflationary issue they face. Our view is that persistent above target core inflation combined with firming labor markets should put a September hike firmly on the radar but assign a 40% chance of that outcome given the political pressure the Fed will face to cut rates, or at a minimum not hike before the November midterms. We place 75% odds on the scenarios that either inflation holds at 3-3.5% while unemployment falls below 4% or inflation exceeds 3.5% while the unemployment rate holds near 4.2% by the end of the year. That combination would drive a rate hike after the midterms, or the December FOMC meeting.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/5/26

Treasuries tumbled after US job growth topped all forecasts in May, driving traders to fully price in a Federal Reserve interest-rate hike by the end of this year.

Traders fully priced in a quarter-point rate hike by the Fed by December, and saw a roughly 60% chance of one as soon as October. Before the data, they’d expected policymakers’ next move to be a hike in March. The central bank’s key rate has been a range of 3.5% to 3.75% since December.

Bloomberg 6/17/26

Short-dated US Treasury yields leaped as Federal Reserve officials signaled they expect an interest-rate hike in the coming months, pushing traders to fully price in higher borrowing costs by October.

Yields on two-year Treasuries, which are particularly sensitive to near-term changes in central bank policy, rose 14 basis points to 4.19% after the decision on Wednesday, the first under Chairman Kevin Warsh. Money markets suggest a hike is now seen as likely by September, and fully priced in by October. The dollar rose.

The Fed, which left rates unchanged for the moment, released quarterly projections — colloquially known as the dot plot — that indicated nine officials foresee at least one quarter-point hike this year, with six anticipating at least two. Another nine expected no move or a cut.

Read Full Report
May 19, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: A rational central bank should put a September hike into play. Moreover, that’s the current direction of travel among market participants, and a move to a neutral bias in the June FOMC statement and the possibility that some FOMC participants will pencil in a 2026 rate hike in the June SEP would reinforce that direction. Political cover for a rate hike, however, may not come until after the midterms.

Market Validation

Barron’s 5/20/26

A majority of Federal Reserve officials said at their April meeting that some policy tightening will likely be appropriate if inflation continues to run above their 2% target, according to minutes from their meeting, released Wednesday afternoon.

The notes from last month’s meeting offer the fullest account yet of how officials are weighing an inflation problem that has grown harder to dismiss, as price growth has remained above the central bank’s goal for five years.

Since the meeting, markets have priced in a growing chance of at least one interest-rate hike by year’s end, a significant shift from earlier this year.

 

Bloomberg 5/22/26

Bond traders are fully pricing in an interest-rate hike by the Federal Reserve this year, a sign of conviction in the market that incoming Chair Kevin Warsh will need to move quickly to combat inflation.

Traders boosted their bets for higher rates on Friday after Fed Governor Christopher Waller said he supports making clear the central bank’s next interest-rate move is just as likely to be an increase as a cut. Interest-rate swaps imply that the market sees the Fed’s benchmark rate at least 25 basis points higher by the end of 2026.

Read Full Report
May 19, 2026
SGH Insight

There are subtle but important signs that the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), or at least Tehran’s civilian leadership, is bending to US President Donald Trump’s most important red lines over its nuclear program for a negotiated end to the war. In exchange, although unverified, it appears clear that the United States has floated monetary concessions to the IRI for concessions on nukes and a reopening of the Strait of Hormuz (more on that below).

That said, internally divided, and emboldened also by domestic US partisan divides and economic pressure on the Trump administration, there is a strong possibility that Tehran continues to slow walk negotiations, or is unable to move quickly enough to provide resolution to an increasingly impatient Trump on opening the Strait of Hormuz. 

With that in mind, we think there are probably better than even odds that the US and Israel could resume military action against Iran by next week as threatened by Trump. Either way, we predict that Hormuz will be opened within a month.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/15/26

The US and Iran reached an interim peace agreement to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and move further toward ending a 15-week war that’s wrought chaos across the Middle East and reverberated through the global economy.

The development caused equities and bonds to jump at the start of the week, while oil and natural gas prices — which soared with the strait’s closure — slumped.

US President Donald Trump, under pressure as rising fuel costs hit him and his Republican Party ahead of midterm elections in November, hailed a “great deal that will bring peace and security to the whole region.”

Read Full Report
May 14, 2026
SGH Insight

From a senior Chinese official in Beijing:

“Regarding the Iran war, the two primary issues are enriched uranium and the Strait of Hormuz. President Xi Jinping will clearly express China’s position to President Donald Trump:”

“China maintains neutrality between Iran and the US. China opposes any blockade of the Strait of Hormuz as well as the imposition of transit tolls in the Strait and calls upon both the US and Iran to simultaneously and immediately lift any restrictions on the Strait. China does not support Iran’s pursuit of nuclear weaponry but upholds Iran’s right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The Chinese side will continue to honor all commercial contracts signed with Iran. China will take countermeasures should the US impose sanctions on Chinese companies.”

Market Validation

Bloomberg 5/15/26

China believes the Strait of Hormuz should be reopened as soon as possible, and believes that the fundamental solution to issues concerning the strait lies in the realization of a permanent and comprehensive ceasefire, Xinhua reports, citing Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. 

  • Wang made the remarks when briefing the press about the just-concluded Xi-Trump meeting in Beijing
  • China encourages the US and Iran to continue resolving their differences and disputes, including those related to the nuclear issue, through negotiations
  • China has been working hard to promote peace talks and will continue to play its role in pushing for an early end to the war and restoring peace in the Middle East, Wang says

 

Read Full Report
May 13, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom Line: Market participants recognize that the case for a rate cut has all but disappeared for the foreseeable future, and it’s hard for them to ignore the inflation data even if Fed doves still try to keep a a rate cut in the forecast. The next step for Fed doves is to follow hawks with the steady rates “for some time” language. The next step for Fed hawks to escalate talk of a rate hike to include conditions necessary for a cut, to diminish any residual expectations for one. Market participants will stay focused on rate hikes as long as the mix of persistent high inflation with a resilient economy continues.

Market Validation

Dow Jones 5/22/26

Christopher Waller, a Federal Reserve governor who favored a rate cut as recently as January, said Friday that growing inflation risks mean the Fed should no longer be defaulting to plans for further rate cuts at all.

In a lecture delivered in Frankfurt, Waller said that as the conflict in the Middle East stretches on, higher costs for oil and other commodities are increasingly likely to ripple through the economy in a broader wave of sustained inflation. As a result, he said, it is time for the Fed to stop signaling that another rate cut is its most likely next move.

For the foreseeable future, holding rates steady in the current range of 3.5% to 3.75% will likely be the right course, Waller said. “I can no longer rule out rate hikes further down the road if inflation does not abate soon,” he added.

Read Full Report
May 12, 2026
SGH Insight

Bottom line: June 18 is likely a hold — tighter financial conditions are already doing the BOE’s work, and Bailey will not move rates in a constitutional vacuum. July 30, a full BOE projection round, is the first live decision point. The tail risk is a left-leaning successor who loosens fiscal conditions and forces the MPC’s hand. Watch financial conditions not political noise.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 6/18/26

The Bank of England held interest rates at
3.75% as it said the recent fall in oil prices was
“encouraging,” even while two policymakers voted for an
immediate quarter-point hike over concerns of persistent
inflation.
The committee left its guidance unchanged and lowered its
estimate of peak inflation to 3.25% in the fourth quarter of
this year, below the 3.6% it had projected in April.

Read Full Report
May 11, 2026
SGH Insight

Bessent wants Takaichi to give the BOJ political cover to act; from Katayama, a credible signal that intervention is a bridge rather than a strategy; from Ueda, a firmer indication that June is live.

In our last report we said the BOJ punted punted a rate hike to June even as it raised inflation projections in a 6-3 board vote, and again choosing to ignore inflation in the face of heightened uncertainty, using the the war on Iran to sidestep a rate hike (see SGH 4/28/26; “BOJ: Hesitates On Hike”).

What emerges publicly from this round of meetings in the form of new official language on the economy and currency may well be read by markets as the clearest signal yet that a June rate rise is no longer merely possible but probable.

Market Validation

Dow Jones – TOKYO 5/12/2026

The U.S. and Japan have reaffirmed their commitment to
working closely together to monitor the currency market, Japan’s finance
minister said after meeting with Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent.

“We discussed financial market movements, including foreign exchange rates, in
light of the situation in the Middle East. Regarding recent currency moves, we
confirmed that Japan and the U.S. have been able to coordinate very well,”
Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama said at a news conference.

Bloomberg 5/12/2026

The Bank of Japan signaled the possibility
of a hike to its benchmark rate next month with a summary of
views from last month’s board meeting that conveyed concerns
over upside inflation risks stemming from the conflict in the
Middle East.
“It is quite possible that the bank will raise the policy
interest rate from the next monetary policy meeting onward, even
if the future course of the situation in the Middle East remains
unclear,” one board member said, according to a summary of
opinions from the April meeting released Tuesday.

Read Full Report
May 07, 2026
SGH Insight

The next and probably last such “trilogue” meeting is scheduled for May 19. It is likely to be the one at which they reach a compromise on a legal text that will then be rubber-stamped by EU governments and passed by the European Parliament plenary session in mid-June.
Sefcovic said he has been in touch with US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer to keep him updated on the procedural steps and make clear the EU was honoring its part of the bargain, and to urge him not to implement the 25% tariff on autos threatened by US President Donald Trump.

Market Validation

Bloomberg 5/7/26

President Trump says he is giving the EU until July 4 to “deliver their side of the Deal and, as per Agreement, cut their Tariffs to ZERO” otherwise US “tariffs would immediately jump to much higher levels.”

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